A Horizon
Mineral horizon formed at or near the surface in the zone of leaching and eluviation of materials in solution or suspension or of maximum in situ accumulation of organic matter. Distinguishing characteristics usually designated by a subscript e.g. Ah - humic( organic matter rich) horizon
âThe original top layer of mineral soil divided into A1 (typically from 5 to 30 cm thick; generally referred to as topsoil with a high content of organic matter, dark colour and maximum biological activity) and A2 horizons (usually 5 â 70 cm thick; similar texture to A1 but paler in colour, poorer in structure and less fertile).