Variable
Some characteristic that varies among experimental units (subjects) or from time to time. A variable may be quantitative or categorical. A quantitative variable is either discrete (assigning meaningful numerical values to observations: number of children, dosage in mg) or continuous (height, weight). A categorical variable is either nominal (assigning observations to categories: gender, treatment, disease subtype, groups) or ordinal (ranked variables: low, median, high dosage). Conventionally, a random variable is shown by a capital letter, and the data values it takes by lower case letters.